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2007–2011 |
- Working papers
- Work in progress
Working papers
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Joint with O. Bargain & B. Melly (2018)
Show abstract ▼
With the increase in national debts, pay freezes are imposed for several years in the public sector of some countries, at the risk of decreasing the quality of public services. Since public wage setting policies should account for relevant comparisons with the private sector, we provide novel evidence on the public sector wage gap throughout the wage distribution in France, taking a long-term perspective.
We exploit a long administrative panel dataset (1988-2013) and suggest methodological innovations. We estimate the public sector premia/penalties on the unconditional wage distribution while accounting for quantile-specific fixed effects and a jackknife correction for the potential incidental parameter bias. We find that the public wage gap is broadly negative in France, with larger penalties at the top, which contribute to a compression of the wage distribution by the public sector. We show that this compression effect is partly concealed by the incidental parameter bias. Time changes in the wage gap over 25 years are consistently explained by a mix of political and business cycles. The unobserved skill gap between sectors reveals the extent of positive selection into public jobs. It tends to decline in the 1990s, a period characterized by the growth of public employment and a move towards less selective recruitment schemes. More critically, it totally disappears among top earners in the recent period, suggesting the detrimental effect of nominal wage freeze and the absence of performance-based remuneration among public sector executives.
Keywords :public sectorwage gapunconditional quantile regressionfixed effects -
Joint with O. Bargain & B. Melly (2018)
Show abstract ▼
Poverty and inequality have been rising since the great recession in Russia. An under-studied aspect is the role played by informal work, which is traditionally large but has further increased recently. To characterize the heterogeneity of the labor force and the wage dynamics around the crisis, we undertake detailed estimations of the informal pay gap at the mean and along the distribution, relying on the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey 2003-2015. Our approach comprises three original features:
- (i) we rely on unconditional quantile effects of informality (rather than on conditional wage gaps, more difficult to interpret);
- (ii) we incorporate quantilespecific fixed effects using a tractable approach;
- (iii) we suggest a treatment of the incidental parameter bias.
Over the period, small informal wage penalties are found among the low-wage workers but do not suggest heavily segmented labor markets. An earning premium is observed for informal self-employed in the upper half of the distribution. Important gender differences are observed.
While individual fixed effects play no role for women, there is a substantial negative selection into informal salary work for men on average and particularly at low wages. It arises in the wake of the Great Recession, pointing to a shakeout of less productive workers in the formal sector while low-tier informal employment tends to become more of a last resort option.
Keywords :Russiainformal employmentwage gapunconditional quantile regressionfixed effectsincidental parameter biasjackknife
Work in progress
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• Analysis of Labour-Managed Firms in Good and Bad Times(2020)Show abstract ▼
The Great Recession recently revealed the resilience of labour-managed firms showing fewer lay-offs and bankruptcies than other firms. Previous studies pointed to a higher or similar productivity level in French labour-managed firms (SCOP).
However, the short-term dynamics of labour-managed firms productivity has still not been investigated, especially in reaction to an economic crisis. We make use of a large French employee-employer administrative panel data set covering years 2005-2011 to do a precise study of labour-managed firms resilience and its factors. We adress more specifically the role of workers self-selection by accounting for labour composition and workers non-pecuniary motives estimated via a Roy selection model extended with non-pecuniary decision factors. We find that French labour-managed firms resilience may not be explained by a higher productivity level but by institutional and financial specificities and possibly labour costs adjustments. We also confirm for the recent period and on a large scale that the SCOP total factor productivity level is not significantly different from the other firms.
Finally, we find results that support the hypothesis that employees non-pecuniary motives accounts for a part of French labour-managed firms productivity in two of the three industries studied (manufacturing and transports), while SCOP-specific non-pecuniary motives factors (democratic governance) may be less effective in other industries (trade).
Keywords :labour-managed firmnon-pecuniary motivesproductivityemployee ownershipworker cooperative